1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
2.7 CAS Number
74399217439896
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
3.3.2 Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Before 5000 BC
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %1.1 * 10-1 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.1 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.7 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.9 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
5.2.2 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.2.3 Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.2.4 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
5.3 Biological Properties
5.3.1 Toxicity
5.3.3 Present in Human Body
5.3.4 In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.5 In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.380.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
327.50 °C1,535.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C2,750.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
7.8 Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s5,120.00 m/s
818
16200
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
7.10.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
7.12.2 β Allotropes
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.7 Allen Electronegativity
9.6 Electropositivity
9.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.8 Ionization Energies
9.8.1 1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.8.3 2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.6 3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.8 4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol5,290.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.11 5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol7,240.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.8.14 6th Energy Level
NA9,560.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.8.16 7th Energy level
NA12,060.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.8.18 8th Energy Level
NA14,580.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
9.8.21 9th Energy Level
NA22,540.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
9.8.23 10th Energy Level
NA25,290.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
9.8.25 11th Energy Level
NA28,000.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
9.8.29 12th Energy Level
NA31,920.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
9.8.32 13th Energy Level
NA34,830.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
9.8.36 14th Energy Level
NA37,840.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
9.8.39 15th Energy Level
NA44,100.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
9.8.43 16th Energy Level
NA47,206.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
9.8.45 17th Energy Level
NA122,200.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
9.9.1 18th Energy Level
NA131,000.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
9.10.1 19th Energy Level
NA140,500.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
10.1.1 20th Energy Level
NA152,600.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
10.4.2 21st Energy Level
NA163,000.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
10.4.3 22nd Energy Level
NA173,600.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
10.4.5 23rd Energy Level
NA188,100.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
10.4.7 24th Energy Level
NA195,200.00 kJ/mol
104400
195200
10.4.8 25th Energy Level
10.5.2 26th Energy Level
10.5.4 27th Energy Level
10.5.5 28th Energy Level
10.5.7 29th Energy Level
10.6.1 30th Energy Level
10.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.12 Electron Work Function
11.2 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.7.2 Number of Neutrons
12.8.2 Number of Electrons
12.9 Radius of an Atom
12.9.1 Atomic Radius
175.00 pm126.00 pm
112
265
12.10.1 Covalent Radius
146.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
13.1.2 Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
13.2 Atomic Weight
207.20 amu55.85 amu
6.94
294
13.4 Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.5.1 Previous Element
13.5.2 Next Element
13.6 Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.7 Lattice Constant
495.08 pm286.65 pm
228.58
891.25
14.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm37.87 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm36.98 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.5 Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa11,000.00 MPa
2.5
11000
15.6 Viscosity
15.8 Vapor Pressure
15.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
15.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA36.80 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
15.10 Elasticity properties
15.10.1 Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa82.00 GPa
1.3
222
15.10.3 Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa170.00 GPa
1.6
462
15.10.4 Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa211.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.11 Poisson Ratio
15.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Ferromagnetic
16.1.3 Permeability
NA6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
16.1.4 Susceptibility
NA2,00,000.00
-0.000166
200000
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
16.2.2 Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m96.10 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.2.4 Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol15.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K25.10 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K80.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.5 Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol351.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol14.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol414.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1