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Lead vs Livermorium

Lead
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb  
Lv  
Group Number
14  
4
16  
2
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439921  
99+
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
9
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
327.50 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C  
99+
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
-  
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.02  
14
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
5.00 %  
39
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pb  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87  
14
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29  
4
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41  
2
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
11
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
28
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
82  
34
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82  
34
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
160  
5
Number of Electrons
82  
34
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu  
30
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm  
18
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.51  
99+
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3  
35
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3  
36
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa  
99+
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35  
38
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K  
39
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
600.61 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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