Lead vs Silver
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb
Ag
Group Number
14
4
11
7
Period Number
6
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439921
99+
7440224
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
History
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
8
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.
10
0.44 p.p.m.
20
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C
99+
961.93 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C
99+
2,212.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa
99+
251.00 MPa
37
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
229.00 MPa
30
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s
99+
2,680.00 m/s
34
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
97.00 %
1
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb
Ag
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87
13
1.93
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29
4
1.83
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41
2
1.47
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
8
1.87
7
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67
99+
2.07
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
31
731.00 kJ/mol
27
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
Not Available
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
21
4.26 eV
20
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82
34
47
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
82
34
47
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
61
99+
Number of Electrons
82
34
47
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm
19
144.00 pm
36
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
172.00 pm
38
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu
30
107.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
27
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)
99+
11.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm
16
408.53 pm
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3
33
10.49 g/cm3
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
15
9.32 g/cm3
21
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa
20
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)
7
0.00 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa
99+
30.00 GPa
23
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa
24
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa
99+
83.00 GPa
23
Poisson Ratio
0.44
3
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.35
25
10.50
26
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
5
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
16
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol
28
125.60 kJ/mol
5
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K
26
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K
38
429.00 W/m·K
1
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
255.10 kJ/mol
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
11.30 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
284.50 kJ/mol
37
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K
17
42.60 J/mol.K
35
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