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Silver vs Lead

Silver
Lead
Lead vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Pb   
Group Number
11   
7
14   
4
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
38.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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