Symbol
Ag
  
Pb
  
Period Number
5
  
6
  
Block
d block
  
p block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Post-Transition
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
~0.000001 %
  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
29
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
  
11
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
  
20
30.00 p.p.m.
  
10
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
  
99+
1,740.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
1,190.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ag
  
Pb
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
  
27
715.60 kJ/mol
  
31
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
  
11
1,450.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
  
19
3,081.50 kJ/mol
  
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
4,083.00 kJ/mol
  
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
6,640.00 kJ/mol
  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
  
7
3.87 g/amp-hr
  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol
  
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
  
99+
24.20 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
  
35
11.34 g/cm3
  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
  
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Poor Conductor
  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
  
99+
208.00 nΩ·m
  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
  
1
0.05 106/cm Ω
  
36
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
  
5
35.10 kJ/mol
  
28
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
25
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
  
99+
26.65 J/mol·K
  
26
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
  
1
35.30 W/m·K
  
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
  
23
28.90 µm/(m·K)
  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
  
37
179.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
  
31
4.77 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
  
37
194.60 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
  
35
64.80 J/mol.K
  
17