Lead Ytterbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb
Yb
Group Number
14
4
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439921
99+
7440644
26
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
8
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
Not Available
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C
99+
824.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C
99+
1,196.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa
99+
343.00 MPa
31
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
206.00 MPa
33
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s
99+
1,590.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb
Yb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87
13
Not Available
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29
4
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.06
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41
2
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
8
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67
99+
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
31
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
21
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82
34
70
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
82
34
70
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
103
31
Number of Electrons
82
34
70
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm
19
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
242.00 pm
12
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu
30
173.05 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
27
24.79 cm3/mol
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)
99+
50.30 (-eV)
27
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm
16
548.47 pm
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3
33
6.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
15
6.21 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa
20
58.00 MPa
18
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)
7
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa
99+
9.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa
24
30.50 GPa
39
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa
99+
23.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44
3
0.21
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.35
25
6.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
16
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol
28
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K
26
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K
38
38.50 W/m·K
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available
26.30 K
7
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K
17
59.90 J/mol.K
21
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