Ytterbium Lead Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
Pb
Group Number
Not Available
14
4
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440644
26
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Unknown
Discovery
In 1878
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
Not Available
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
38.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
82
34
Number of Neutrons
103
31
125
19
Number of Electrons
70
99+
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.64 (Pa)
7
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
64.80 J/mol.K
17
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