Lithium Cadmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Cd
Group Number
1
17
12
6
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1817
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
203.00 MPa
39
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
64
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
51.80 J/mol.K
27
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