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Lithium vs Cadmium

Lithium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li   
Cd   
Group Number
1   
17
12   
6
Period Number
2   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439932   
99+
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In 1817   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %   
18
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %   
11
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
27
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.   
17
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C   
99+
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C   
99+
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60   
21
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa   
99+
203.00 MPa   
39
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s   
3
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8   
30
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98   
99+
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89   
26
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97   
19
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
0.91   
99+
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02   
8
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV   
37
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3   
99+
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
4   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
3   
99+
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm   
31
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm   
35
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu   
99+
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element   
Silver
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm   
99+
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)   
2
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa   
99+
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53   
99+
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K   
20
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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