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Lithium vs Plutonium

Lithium
Plutonium
Plutonium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li  
Pu  
Group Number
1  
17
0  
18
Period Number
2  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7439932  
99+
7440075  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P121/m1  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
11.00  
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Discovery
In 1817  
In Between 1940 1941  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %  
18
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %  
11
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
22
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
Not Available  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.  
17
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C  
99+
639.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C  
99+
3,235.00 °C  
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60  
21
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s  
3
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li  
Pu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8  
30
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.28  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
26
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
38
1.22  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97  
19
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
0.91  
99+
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02  
8
2.72  
21
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.28 g/amp-hr  
22
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV  
37
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3  
99+
94  
24
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1  
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3  
99+
94  
24
Number of Neutrons
4  
99+
150  
11
Number of Electrons
3  
99+
94  
24
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm  
31
159.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
187.00 pm  
20
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu  
99+
244.00 amu  
19
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
39
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element  
Neptunium
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Americium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
64.90 (-eV)  
21
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm  
99+
618.30 pm  
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
19.82 g/cm3  
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
16.63 g/cm3  
8
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)  
2
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
2.20 (Pa)  
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
96.00 GPa  
21
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.21  
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53  
99+
19.84  
7
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
19
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol  
16
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
35.50 J/mol·K  
3
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K  
20
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K  
1
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
344.00 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
360.00 kJ/mol  
26
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
Not Available  
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