Home
 Compare Metals

Cadmium vs Nickel

Cadmium
Nickel
Nickel vs Cadmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd  
Ni  
Group Number
12  
6
10  
8
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440439  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
31
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
320.90 °C  
99+
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
765.00 °C  
99+
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa  
99+
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
90.00 MPa  
99+
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.71  
26
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cd  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69  
18
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53  
25
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.52  
30
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31  
37
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
48  
99+
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
48  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
64  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
48  
99+
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu  
99+
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Silver
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Indium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm  
99+
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa  
34
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
13
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa  
99+
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa  
34
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.65  
99+
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K  
16
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
594.00 K  
99+
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!