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Nickel vs Osmium

Nickel
Osmium
Osmium vs Nickel


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni  
Os  
Group Number
10  
8
8  
10
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440020  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1751  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
5
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
3
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %  
3
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
15
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C  
31
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C  
40
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa  
20
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa  
24
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s  
16
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.68  
28
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ni  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91  
11
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94  
12
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.91  
12
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.88  
9
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV  
6
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
28  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
31  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
28  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm  
99+
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa  
13
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
8
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)  
6
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa  
12
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa  
12
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
2
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
600.00  
2
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K  
18
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
1,728.00 K  
35
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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