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Osmium vs Nickel

Osmium
Nickel
Nickel vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Ni  
Group Number
8  
10
10  
8
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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