Nickel Osmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni
Os
Group Number
10
8
8
10
Period Number
4
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440020
99+
7440042
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Smithson Tennant
Discovery
In 1751
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %
4
3 * 10-7 %
21
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %
3
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %
3
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
15
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
14
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
Not Available
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C
31
3,045.00 °C
3
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C
38
5,027.00 °C
6
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa
18
3,490.00 MPa
1
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa
16
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s
12
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
72.00 %
9
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni
Os
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91
10
2.20
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94
10
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.52
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.88
6
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09
99+
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
25
840.00 kJ/mol
12
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV
2
4.83 eV
8
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28
99+
76
40
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
28
99+
76
39
Number of Neutrons
31
99+
114
25
Number of Electrons
28
99+
76
39
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm
99+
133.80 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm
99+
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu
99+
190.23 amu
35
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)
99+
91.40 (-eV)
12
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm
99+
273.44 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3
99+
22.59 g/cm3
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3
29
20.00 g/cm3
1
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa
11
1,000.00 MPa
4
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
31
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)
6
0.00 (Pa)
28
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa
12
222.00 GPa
1
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
462.00 GPa
1
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa
11
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.90
33
22.57
2
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
2
Not Available
Susceptibility
600.00
2
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m
39
81.20 nΩ·m
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol
6
106.10 kJ/mol
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K
31
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K
18
87.60 W/m·K
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol
20
627.60 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
14
29.30 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol
17
669.00 kJ/mol
6
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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