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Osmium vs Cobalt

Osmium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Co   
Group Number
8   
10
9   
9
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
Not Available   
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.70   
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
76   
39
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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