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Lithium Lead Comparison

Lithium
Lead
Lead Lithium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li   
Pb   
Group Number
1   
17
14   
4
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439932   
99+
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1817   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %   
18
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %   
11
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
27
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.   
17
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C   
99+
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C   
99+
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60   
21
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa   
99+
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s   
3
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8   
30
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98   
99+
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89   
26
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97   
19
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
0.91   
99+
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02   
8
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol   
3
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol   
4
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV   
37
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3   
99+
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3   
99+
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
4   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
3   
99+
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm   
31
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm   
35
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu   
99+
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element   
Thallium
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)   
99+
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm   
99+
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3   
99+
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3   
99+
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)   
2
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa   
99+
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa   
99+
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53   
99+
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m   
33
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
19
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol   
16
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)   
1
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K   
99+
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K   
20
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)   
7
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol   
99+
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol   
99+
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K   
99+
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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