Lithium Neodymium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Nd
Group Number
1
17
1
17
Period Number
2
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkali
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440008
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Discovery
In 1817
In 1885
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
30
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
30
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
Not Available
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
1,010.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
3,127.00 °C
28
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
265.00 MPa
35
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
345.00 MPa
27
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
2,330.00 m/s
38
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Nd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.14
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.07
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.86
13
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
3.20 eV
34
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
60
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
60
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
84
40
Number of Electrons
3
99+
60
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
181.00 pm
13
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
201.00 pm
10
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
229.00 pm
20
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
144.24 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
20.60 cm3/mol
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
365.80 pm
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
7.01 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
6.89 g/cm3
36
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
0.00 (Pa)
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
101.00 (Pa)
2
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
16.30 GPa
38
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
31.80 GPa
37
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
41.40 GPa
40
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
16
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
7.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
643.00 nΩ·m
6
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
27.45 J/mol·K
17
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
16.50 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
273.00 kJ/mol
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
322.00 kJ/mol
32
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
71.50 J/mol.K
13
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