Lithium vs Lanthanum
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
La
Group Number
1
17
Not Available
Period Number
2
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkali
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7439910
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1817
In 1838
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
19
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
29
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
Not Available
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
0.08 p.p.m.
24
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
920.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
3,469.00 °C
18
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
350.00 MPa
30
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
360.00 MPa
26
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
2,475.00 m/s
37
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
La
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.10
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.08
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.90
10
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
538.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,067.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
1,850.30 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,819.00 kJ/mol
22
5th Energy Level
Not Available
5,940.00 kJ/mol
25
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.73 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
57
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
57
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
82
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
57
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
187.00 pm
8
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
207.00 pm
6
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
240.00 pm
13
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
138.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
20.73 cm3/mol
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
40.71 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
377.20 pm
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.62
2
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
6.16 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
5.94 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.98 (Pa)
15
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
14.30 GPa
40
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
27.90 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
36.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
6.17
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
615.00 nΩ·m
7
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
48.00 kJ/mol
23
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
27.11 J/mol·K
21
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
13.40 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
12.10 µm/(m·K)
32
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
399.60 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
6.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
431.00 kJ/mol
16
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
56.90 J/mol.K
23
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