Lutetium vs Berkelium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
Bk
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7440406
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
In 1906
In 1949
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
986.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
2,627.00 °C
40
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
Bk
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
14
25
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
2.70
1
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
97
21
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
97
21
Number of Neutrons
104
30
150
11
Number of Electrons
71
99+
97
21
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
Not Available
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
247.00 amu
18
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
45.50 (-eV)
36
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
341.60 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
14.78 g/cm3
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
13.25 g/cm3
11
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
Not Available
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
14.00
14
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Not Available
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
10.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
Not Available
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