Lutetium vs Holmium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
Ho
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7440600
29
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Marc Delafontaine
Discovery
In 1906
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
- Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
1,461.00 °C
30
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
2,600.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
746.00 MPa
13
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
481.00 MPa
23
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,760.00 m/s
30
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
Ho
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
1.23
37
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.10
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
2.77
17
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,140.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
2,204.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
4,100.00 kJ/mol
34
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
67
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
67
99+
Number of Neutrons
104
30
98
34
Number of Electrons
71
99+
67
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
192.00 pm
17
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
164.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
18.70 cm3/mol
24
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
47.90 (-eV)
31
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
357.73 pm
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
8.79 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
8.34 g/cm3
26
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
0.00 (Pa)
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
26.30 GPa
28
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
40.20 GPa
32
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
64.80 GPa
31
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.23
29
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
8.80
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
814.00 nΩ·m
4
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
27.15 J/mol·K
19
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
16.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
11.20 µm/(m·K)
35
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
241.00 kJ/mol
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
11.76 kJ/mol
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
301.00 kJ/mol
36
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
75.30 J/mol.K
8
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