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Lutetium vs Rutherfordium


Rutherfordium vs Lutetium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Lu   
Rf   

Group Number
Not Available   
4   
14

Period Number
6   
7   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7439943   
99+
53850365   
13

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   

Discovery
In 1906   
In 1964   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,652.00 °C   
19
2,100.00 °C   
11

Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C   
19
5,500.00 °C   
3

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   

Luster
Metallic   
Unknown Luster   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa   
8
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Lu   
Rf   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
13   
26

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.27   
34
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.73   
20
Not Available   

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol   
99+
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr   
23
Not Available   

Electron Work Function
3.30 eV   
33
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
71   
99+
104   
14

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1   
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
71   
99+
104   
14

Number of Neutrons
104   
30
157   
7

Number of Electrons
71   
99+
104   
14

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
174.00 pm   
20
150.00 pm   
33

Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
157.00 pm   
31

Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
174.97 amu   
40
267.00 amu   
11

Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol   
30
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Ytterbium
  
Lawrencium
  

Next Element
Hafnium
  
Dubnium
  

Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)   
26
Not Available   

Lattice Constant
350.31 pm   
99+
Not Available   

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
10
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3   
38
23.20 g/cm3   
8

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3   
22
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
33
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)   
11
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa   
26
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa   
23
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa   
30
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.26   
21
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Unknown   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
9.84   
29
Not Available   

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Unknown   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   

Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m   
9
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K   
24
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K   
30
Not Available   

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