Symbol
Mg
Li
Group Number
21
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
32
2
7
👆🏻
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkali
CAS Number
74399547439932
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Johan August Arfwedson
Discovery
In 1755
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
-
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.1.30 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
650.00 °C180.54 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C1,347.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
-
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.500.60
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa5.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa5.30 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s6,000.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.491.35
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
74.00 %95.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Mg
Li
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
158
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.310.98
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.320.89
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.230.97
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.370.97
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.290.91
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.693.02
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol7,298.10 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol11,815.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol5,202.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol730.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol5,202.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol5,200.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol52,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol52,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol520.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr0.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV2.90 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
123
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[He] 2s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
123
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
124
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
123
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm152.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm128.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm182.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu6.94 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)19.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm351.00 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.621.62
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm30.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm30.51 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa60.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)109.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa4.20 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa11.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa4.90 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.290.36
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.740.53
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m92.80 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol59.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)3.60 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K24.86 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K84.80 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
923.00 K3,223.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)46.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol134.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol3.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol160.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K29.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻