Manganese Cadmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn
Cd
Group Number
7
11
12
6
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439965
99+
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
217.00
4
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1774
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %
8
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %
8
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %
8
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %
8
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.
8
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C
37
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C
99+
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa
99+
203.00 MPa
39
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s
7
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
21
18
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55
25
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60
9
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.75
15
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45
29
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol
30
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
Not Available
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV
25
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25
99+
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
25
99+
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
64
99+
Number of Electrons
25
99+
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm
99+
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu
99+
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)
2
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm
1
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3
99+
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3
99+
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
12
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa
14
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa
12
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.21
99+
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K
29
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K
99+
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol
23
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol
38
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
51.80 J/mol.K
27
|
||
|
||
|
