1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74399767440177
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
4.2 Boiling Point
356.58 °C688.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s1,300.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA5,080.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA6,850.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA8,140.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA9,570.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA13,120.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA14,500.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA26,740.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
1.2.4 26th Energy Level
1.2.5 27th Energy Level
1.2.7 28th Energy Level
1.2.8 29th Energy Level
1.2.9 30th Energy Level
1.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.4 Electron Work Function
1.5 Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
1.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Kr] 5s1
1.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
1.3.1 Crystal Lattice
1.4 Atom
1.4.1 Number of Protons
1.7.2 Number of Neutrons
1.7.4 Number of Electrons
1.9 Radius of an Atom
1.9.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm248.00 pm
112
265
1.10.2 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm220.00 pm
96
260
1.11.4 Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm303.00 pm
139
348
1.12 Atomic Weight
200.59 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
1.13 Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
1.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
1.14.1 Previous Element
1.14.2 Next Element
1.15 Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
8
392.42
1.16 Lattice Constant
300.50 pm558.50 pm
228.58
891.25
1.17 Lattice Angles
1.18 Lattice C/A Ratio
2 Mechanical
2.1 Density
2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
2.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.2 Tensile Strength
2.3 Viscosity
0.00NA
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0.001526
0.001526
2.4 Vapor Pressure
2.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
2.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.5 Elasticity properties
2.5.1 Shear Modulus
2.5.2 Bulk Modulus
2.5.3 Young's Modulus
2.6 Poisson Ratio
2.7 Other Mechanical Properties
3 Magnetic
3.1 Magnetic Characteristics
3.1.1 Specific Gravity
3.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
3.1.3 Permeability
3.1.4 Susceptibility
3.2 Electrical Properties
3.2.1 Electrical Property
3.2.2 Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
3.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
3.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
4 Thermal
4.1 Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
4.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
4.3 Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
4.4 Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K2,093.00 K
26.3
3223
4.5 Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
4.6 Enthalpy
4.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
4.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
4.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
4.7 Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1