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Mercury
Mercury

Cadmium
Cadmium



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Mercury vs Cadmium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Hg
Cd
1.2 Group Number
1212
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
65
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74399767440439
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
R_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
166.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
2.3.2 Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1817
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA2 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000006 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.1.80 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
NA320.90 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
356.58 °C765.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Liquid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA2.00
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA203.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
1.2 Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s2,310.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
1.4 Optical Properties
1.4.1 Refractive Index
1.00NA
Palladium
1.000933 1.7229
1.4.2 Reflectivity
73.00 %67.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
1.6 Allotropes
1.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
Hg
Cd
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
3434
Tennessine
0 38
2.4 Electronegativity
2.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.001.69
Francium
0.7 2.54
2.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.201.98
Cesium
0.22 2.56
2.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.441.46
Cesium
0.86 1.82
2.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.811.53
Cesium
0.62 2.48
2.6.3 Allen Electronegativity
1.441.52
Cesium
0.659 2.7
2.7 Electropositivity
2.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.002.31
Gold
1.46 3.3
2.8 Ionization Energies
2.8.1 1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
2.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
2.9.1 3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
2.9.2 4th Energy Level
NANA
Thorium
2780 37066
2.9.3 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
2.9.4 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
2.9.5 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
2.9.6 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
2.9.7 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
2.9.8 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
2.9.9 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
2.9.10 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
2.9.11 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
2.9.12 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
2.9.13 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
2.9.14 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
2.9.15 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
2.9.16 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
2.9.17 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
2.9.18 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
2.9.19 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
2.9.20 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
2.9.21 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
2.9.22 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
2.9.23 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
2.9.24 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
2.9.25 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
2.9.26 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
2.9.27 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
2.9.28 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
2.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
2.11 Electron Work Function
4.49 eV4.22 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
2.12 Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
3 Atomic
3.1 Atomic Number
8048
Lithium
3 117
3.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
3.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
3.3.1 Crystal Lattice
3.4 Atom
3.4.1 Number of Protons
8048
Lithium
3 117
3.4.2 Number of Neutrons
12164
Lithium
4 184
3.4.3 Number of Electrons
8048
Lithium
3 117
3.5 Radius of an Atom
3.5.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm151.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
3.5.2 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm144.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
3.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm158.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
3.6 Atomic Weight
200.59 amu112.41 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
3.7 Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
3.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
3.8.1 Previous Element
3.8.2 Next Element
3.9 Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)30.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
3.10 Lattice Constant
300.50 pm297.94 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
3.11 Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
3.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.89
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
4 Mechanical
4.1 Density
4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm38.65 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
4.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA8.00 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
4.2 Tensile Strength
NA62.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
4.3 Viscosity
0.00NA
0.001526 0.001526
4.4 Vapor Pressure
4.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
4.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
4.5 Elasticity properties
4.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA19.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
4.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA42.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
4.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA50.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
4.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.30
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
4.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
5 Magnetic
5.1 Magnetic Characteristics
5.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.538.65
Lithium
0.53 4500
5.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
5.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
5.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
5.2 Electrical Properties
5.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
5.2.2 Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m72.70 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
5.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
Palladium
0 222.8
6 Thermal
6.1 Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
6.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K26.02 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
6.3 Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K96.60 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
6.4 Critical Temperature
1,750.00 KNA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
6.5 Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)30.80 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
6.6 Enthalpy
6.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol100.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
6.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol6.19 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
6.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol113.00 kJ/mol
Sodium
61.5 837
6.7 Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K51.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1