1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74399767440439
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000006 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.5.2 Abundance In Oceans
2.6.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.4.1 In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.1.80 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
4.3 Boiling Point
356.58 °C765.00 °C
147
5660
5.2 Appearance
5.2.1 Physical State
5.2.2 Color
Silver
Silvery Bluish-Gray
5.2.3 Luster
5.3 Hardness
5.3.1 Mohs Hardness
5.3.3 Brinell Hardness
5.3.4 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s2,310.00 m/s
818
16200
5.7 Optical Properties
5.7.1 Refractive Index
5.8.2 Reflectivity
5.9 Allotropes
5.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.4.4 Allen Electronegativity
6.5 Electropositivity
6.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.6 Ionization Energies
6.6.1 1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.6.4 3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.6.5 4th Energy Level
6.6.6 5th Energy Level
6.7.1 6th Energy Level
6.7.2 7th Energy level
6.7.3 8th Energy Level
7.1.2 9th Energy Level
7.1.3 10th Energy Level
7.1.4 11th Energy Level
7.1.7 12th Energy Level
7.1.8 13th Energy Level
7.1.10 14th Energy Level
7.1.11 15th Energy Level
7.2.3 16th Energy Level
7.2.4 17th Energy Level
7.2.5 18th Energy Level
7.2.6 19th Energy Level
7.2.8 20th Energy Level
7.2.9 21st Energy Level
7.2.10 22nd Energy Level
7.2.11 23rd Energy Level
7.2.13 24th Energy Level
7.2.14 25th Energy Level
7.2.15 26th Energy Level
7.2.16 27th Energy Level
7.2.17 28th Energy Level
8.1.1 29th Energy Level
8.1.2 30th Energy Level
8.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.4 Electron Work Function
8.5 Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
9.4 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.4.1 Crystal Lattice
9.5 Atom
9.5.1 Number of Protons
9.5.2 Number of Neutrons
9.5.3 Number of Electrons
9.7 Radius of an Atom
9.7.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
9.7.2 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm144.00 pm
96
260
9.8.1 Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm158.00 pm
139
348
9.9 Atomic Weight
200.59 amu112.41 amu
6.94
294
9.10 Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.11.1 Previous Element
9.11.2 Next Element
9.12 Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)30.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.14 Lattice Constant
300.50 pm297.94 pm
228.58
891.25
9.15 Lattice Angles
9.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm38.65 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
0.00NA
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0.001526
0.001526
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.6 Elasticity properties
10.6.1 Shear Modulus
10.6.2 Bulk Modulus
10.6.3 Young's Modulus
10.7 Poisson Ratio
10.8 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m72.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K26.02 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K96.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)30.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol100.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol6.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol113.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K51.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1