1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.7 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.10 CAS Number
74399767440713
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
3.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.11 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys, Nuclear Research
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
7.3 Boiling Point
356.58 °C1,470.00 °C
147
5660
7.6 Appearance
7.6.1 Physical State
7.6.2 Color
7.6.3 Luster
7.7 Hardness
7.7.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.3 Brinell Hardness
7.7.5 Vickers Hardness
7.9 Speed of Sound
7.11 Optical Properties
7.11.1 Refractive Index
7.11.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.8 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol608.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol1,206.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.4 3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol2,267.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.6 4th Energy Level
NA3,599.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.7 5th Energy Level
9.8.9 6th Energy Level
9.8.11 7th Energy level
9.8.13 8th Energy Level
9.8.15 9th Energy Level
9.8.17 10th Energy Level
9.8.19 11th Energy Level
9.8.21 12th Energy Level
9.8.23 13th Energy Level
9.8.25 14th Energy Level
9.8.27 15th Energy Level
9.8.29 16th Energy Level
9.8.30 17th Energy Level
9.8.32 18th Energy Level
9.8.34 19th Energy Level
9.8.36 20th Energy Level
9.8.38 21st Energy Level
9.8.40 22nd Energy Level
9.8.41 23rd Energy Level
9.8.43 24th Energy Level
9.8.45 25th Energy Level
9.8.47 26th Energy Level
9.8.49 27th Energy Level
9.8.51 28th Energy Level
9.8.53 29th Energy Level
9.8.55 30th Energy Level
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr3.12 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.10 Electron Work Function
9.11 Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
10.4 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
10.6.1 Number of Neutrons
11.1.1 Number of Electrons
11.5 Radius of an Atom
11.5.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm186.00 pm
112
265
11.5.2 Covalent Radius
11.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
11.6 Atomic Weight
200.59 amu251.00 amu
6.94
294
11.7 Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
11.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.9.1 Previous Element
11.9.2 Next Element
11.10 Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.11 Lattice Constant
300.50 pm338.00 pm
228.58
891.25
11.12 Lattice Angles
11.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm315.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.5 Tensile Strength
12.7 Viscosity
0.00NA
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0.001526
0.001526
12.8 Vapor Pressure
12.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.2 Elasticity properties
13.2.1 Shear Modulus
13.2.3 Bulk Modulus
13.3.1 Young's Modulus
13.6 Poisson Ratio
13.7 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.2.3 Permeability
14.2.4 Susceptibility
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
14.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
14.4.1 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.5 Critical Temperature
16.6 Thermal Expansion
16.7 Enthalpy
16.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
17.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.2.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
17.4 Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1