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Molybdenum vs Molybdenum


Molybdenum vs Molybdenum


Periodic Table

Symbol
Mo   
Mo   

Group Number
6   
12
6   
12

Period Number
5   
5   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7439987   
99+
7439987   
99+

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   

Discovery
In 1778   
In 1778   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
5 * 10-7 %   
19

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000009 %   
19

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
24

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
39

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
9
0.00 %   
9

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
14
0.00 %   
14

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31

In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
0.70 p.p.m.   
18

Physical Properties

Melting Point
2,617.00 °C   
5
2,617.00 °C   
5

Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C   
9
4,612.00 °C   
9

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
5.50   
7

Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa   
7
1,370.00 MPa   
7

Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa   
6
1,400.00 MPa   
6

Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s   
6
5,400.00 m/s   
6

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
58.00 %   
15
58.00 %   
15

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Mo   
Mo   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
25   
14
25   
14

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.16   
5
2.16   
5

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15   
19
1.15   
19

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30   
24
1.30   
24

Allen Electronegativity
2.16   
3
2.16   
3

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.84   
99+
1.84   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
684.30 kJ/mol   
37

2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37

3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26

5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32

6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22

7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13

8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16

9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16

10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18

11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17

12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15

13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13

14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13

15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7

16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8

17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9

18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9

19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9

20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10

21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9

22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7

23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6

24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2

25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1

26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1

27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1

28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1

29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1

30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.60 eV   
12
4.60 eV   
12

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
42   
99+
42   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
42   
99+
42   
99+

Number of Neutrons
54   
99+
54   
99+

Number of Electrons
42   
99+
42   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
139.00 pm   
39

Covalent Radius
154.00 pm   
32
154.00 pm   
32

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
95.95 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Niobium
  
Niobium
  

Next Element
Technetium
  
Technetium
  

Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)   
13
88.60 (-eV)   
13

Lattice Constant
314.70 pm   
99+
314.70 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3   
36
10.28 g/cm3   
36

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3   
20
9.33 g/cm3   
20

Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa   
13
324.00 MPa   
13

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
0.00 (Pa)   
26

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa   
8
126.00 GPa   
8

Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
230.00 GPa   
6

Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa   
6
329.00 GPa   
6

Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
0.31   
13

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable   
Ductile, Weldable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
10.22   
27
10.22   
27

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11

Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
71.90 kJ/mol   
14

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21

Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K   
12
138.00 W/m·K   
12

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
594.10 kJ/mol   
8

Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
27.61 kJ/mol   
5

Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
653.00 kJ/mol   
7

Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+

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