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Molybdenum vs Osmium

Molybdenum
Osmium
Osmium vs Molybdenum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo  
Os  
Group Number
6  
12
8  
10
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439987  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1778  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C  
5
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C  
9
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa  
7
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa  
11
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s  
9
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
58.00 %  
25
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mo  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16  
6
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15  
34
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.16  
7
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
2.16  
3
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV  
17
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
42  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
42  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
54  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
42  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm  
34
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Niobium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Technetium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)  
13
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm  
99+
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.03  
99+
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3  
39
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa  
15
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
5
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa  
8
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa  
6
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.22  
40
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
29
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K  
12
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
2,896.00 K  
6
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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