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Osmium vs Molybdenum

Osmium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Mo   
Group Number
8   
10
6   
12
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
Not Available   
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.30   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
76   
39
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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