Neodymium vs Thulium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd
Tm
Group Number
1
17
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440008
99+
7440304
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1885
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~0.00000002 %
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
- Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
99+
1,545.00 °C
23
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C
28
1,730.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa
35
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa
27
520.00 MPa
21
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s
38
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14
99+
1.25
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86
13
2.75
19
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol
99+
596.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr
37
2.10 g/amp-hr
26
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV
34
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60
99+
69
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
60
99+
69
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
100
32
Number of Electrons
60
99+
69
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm
13
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm
10
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
Not Available
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
99+
168.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol
18
18.10 cm3/mol
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
49.70 (-eV)
28
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm
30
353.75 pm
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3
99+
9.32 g/cm3
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3
36
8.56 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
0.06 (Pa)
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa
38
30.50 GPa
22
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa
37
44.50 GPa
26
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa
40
74.00 GPa
27
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.21
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.00
99+
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m
6
676.00 nΩ·m
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K
17
27.03 J/mol·K
22
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K
99+
16.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.30 µm/(m·K)
29
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol
34
191.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol
99+
16.80 kJ/mol
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol
32
247.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K
13
74.00 J/mol.K
9
|
||
|
||
|
