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Neodymium vs Thulium

Neodymium
Thulium
Thulium vs Neodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd   
Tm   
Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440008   
99+
7440304   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Per Teodor Cleve   
Discovery
In 1885   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %   
24
~0.00000002 %   
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
30
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
30
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C   
99+
1,545.00 °C   
23
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C   
28
1,730.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa   
35
471.00 MPa   
25
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa   
27
520.00 MPa   
21
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s   
38
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd   
Tm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14   
99+
1.25   
35
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.11   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86   
13
2.75   
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol   
99+
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr   
37
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV   
34
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60   
99+
69   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
60   
99+
69   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
100   
32
Number of Electrons
60   
99+
69   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm   
13
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm   
10
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol   
18
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Praseodymium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Promethium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
49.70 (-eV)   
28
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm   
30
353.75 pm   
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3   
36
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)   
2
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa   
38
30.50 GPa   
22
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa   
37
44.50 GPa   
26
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa   
40
74.00 GPa   
27
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
0.21   
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.00   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m   
6
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K   
17
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K   
99+
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol   
34
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol   
99+
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol   
32
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K   
13
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
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