Niobium Strontium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb
Sr
Group Number
5
13
2
16
Period Number
5
5
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440031
99+
7440246
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
William Cruickshank
Discovery
In 1801
In 1787
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
4 * 10-6 %
14
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.000005 %
15
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
25
0.04 %
10
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
4
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
- By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
19
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
140.00 p.p.m.
7
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C
6
769.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C
99+
1,384.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s
21
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb
Sr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60
23
0.95
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42
16
0.72
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
0.99
37
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.00
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.41
31
0.96
40
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40
31
3.05
7
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
549.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,064.20 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,138.00 kJ/mol
10
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,500.00 kJ/mol
13
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
6,910.00 kJ/mol
18
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
8,760.00 kJ/mol
18
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
10,230.00 kJ/mol
19
8th Energy Level
Not Available
11,800.00 kJ/mol
19
9th Energy Level
Not Available
15,600.00 kJ/mol
17
10th Energy Level
Not Available
17,100.00 kJ/mol
19
11th Energy Level
Not Available
31,270.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
1.64 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV
18
2.59 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41
99+
38
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Kr] 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
41
99+
38
99+
Number of Neutrons
52
99+
50
99+
Number of Electrons
41
99+
38
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm
35
215.00 pm
5
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm
28
195.00 pm
15
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
249.00 pm
7
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu
99+
87.62 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
33.70 cm3/mol
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)
8
25.70 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm
99+
608.49 pm
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3
99+
2.64 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
121.00 (Pa)
1
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa
19
6.03 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
Not Available
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa
20
15.70 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.57
37
2.64
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m
23
132.00 nΩ·m
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
0.08 106/cm Ω
26
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol
12
5.03 kJ/mol
38
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K
29
35.40 W/m·K
37
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.50 µm/(m·K)
18
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol
4
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol
6
9.16 kJ/mol
38
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol
4
163.20 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
55.00 J/mol.K
26
|
||
|
||
|
