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Niobium Tin Comparison

Niobium
Tin
Tin Niobium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Sn  
Group Number
5  
13
14  
4
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
-  
Discovery
In 1801  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
Summary >>
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