Tin Niobium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Nb
Group Number
14
4
5
13
Period Number
5
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440031
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
141.00
7
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
2,468.00 °C
6
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
2,468.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
735.00 MPa
14
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
3,480.00 m/s
21
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Nb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.60
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
1.42
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.41
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.40
31
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
41
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
41
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
52
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
41
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
164.00 pm
28
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
92.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
104.00 (-eV)
8
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
330.04 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
8.57 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
27
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
38.00 GPa
19
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
105.00 GPa
20
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
8.57
37
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
152.00 nΩ·m
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
86.10 kJ/mol
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
53.70 W/m·K
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
696.60 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
27.20 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
745.00 kJ/mol
4
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
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