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Niobium vs Bismuth

Niobium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Bi  
Group Number
5  
13
15  
3
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
126  
19
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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