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Tin vs Niobium

Tin
Niobium
Niobium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Nb  
Group Number
14  
4
5  
13
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440031  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Charles Hatchett  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
6
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
735.00 MPa  
15
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
3,480.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.30  
8
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Nb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.60  
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
1.42  
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.60  
22
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.41  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.40  
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
41  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
41  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
52  
99+
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
41  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
164.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
92.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
104.00 (-eV)  
8
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
330.04 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.47  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
38.00 GPa  
20
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
105.00 GPa  
22
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
8.57  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
53.70 W/m·K  
29
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
2,750.00 K  
7
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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