Home
 Compare Metals

Niobium vs Copper

Niobium
Copper
Copper vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Cu  
Group Number
5  
13
11  
7
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
-  
Discovery
In 1801  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!