Home

Transition Metals + -

Actinide Metals + -

Lanthanide Metals + -

Post-Transition Metals + -

Alkaline Earth Metals + -

Compare Metals

Niobium vs Copper

Niobium
Copper
Copper vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb   
Cu   
Group Number
5   
13
11   
7
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440031   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1801   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
35
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
25
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
41   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!