Niobium Titanium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb
Ti
Group Number
5
13
4
14
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440031
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Discovery
In 1801
In 1791
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
35
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
25
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
16
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C
6
1,660.00 °C
18
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C
99+
3,287.00 °C
22
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Gray-White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa
14
716.00 MPa
15
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa
12
830.00 MPa
14
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s
21
5,090.00 m/s
9
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb
Ti
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
23
16
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60
23
1.54
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42
16
1.09
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.32
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.41
31
1.38
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40
31
2.46
28
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
658.80 kJ/mol
39
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,652.50 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,174.60 kJ/mol
32
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
9,581.00 kJ/mol
5
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
11,533.00 kJ/mol
6
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
13,590.00 kJ/mol
6
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,440.00 kJ/mol
8
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,530.00 kJ/mol
11
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,833.00 kJ/mol
15
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,575.00 kJ/mol
14
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,125.00 kJ/mol
14
13th Energy Level
Not Available
76,015.00 kJ/mol
1
14th Energy Level
Not Available
83,280.00 kJ/mol
2
15th Energy Level
Not Available
90,880.00 kJ/mol
3
16th Energy Level
Not Available
100,700.00 kJ/mol
4
17th Energy Level
Not Available
109,100.00 kJ/mol
5
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,800.00 kJ/mol
6
19th Energy Level
Not Available
129,900.00 kJ/mol
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available
137,530.00 kJ/mol
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV
18
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
41
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
52
99+
26
99+
Number of Electrons
41
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm
35
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm
28
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)
8
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm
99+
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3
99+
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa
19
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa
20
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.57
37
4.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m
23
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol
12
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K
29
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol
4
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol
6
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol
4
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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