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Niobium Vanadium Comparison

Niobium
Vanadium
Vanadium Niobium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb   
V   
Group Number
5   
13
5   
13
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440031   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1801   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
35
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
25
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
41   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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