Home
 Compare Metals

Niobium vs Molybdenum

Niobium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Mo  
Group Number
5  
13
6  
12
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
7439987  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1778  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
2,617.00 °C  
5
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
4,612.00 °C  
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
1,370.00 MPa  
7
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
1,400.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
5,400.00 m/s  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
58.00 %  
25
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Mo  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
2.16  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
1.15  
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
2.16  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
2.16  
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
1.84  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.60 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
42  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
42  
99+
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
54  
99+
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
42  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
154.00 pm  
34
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
95.95 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
88.60 (-eV)  
13
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
314.70 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
1.03  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
10.28 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
324.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
126.00 GPa  
8
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
329.00 GPa  
6
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
10.22  
40
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
29
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
138.00 W/m·K  
12
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
2,896.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!