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Niobium vs Zinc

Niobium
Zinc
Zinc vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb   
Zn   
Group Number
5   
13
12   
6
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440031   
99+
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1801   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
35
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
25
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
327.00 MPa   
32
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
Not Available   
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41   
99+
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
41   
99+
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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