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Palladium vs Roentgenium

Palladium
Roentgenium
Roentgenium vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Rg  
Group Number
10  
8
11  
7
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
-  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
54386242  
1
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Roentgenium is a highly unstable synthetic element.  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1994  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Currently known uses of Roentgenium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
-  
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
2,800.00 °C  
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
-  
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
450.00 MPa  
38
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
3,430.00 m/s  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
64.00 %  
19
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Rg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
0.90  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
0.80  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
1,022.70 kJ/mol  
3
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
2,074.40 kJ/mol  
10
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
24
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,052.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,306.70 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
11,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
16
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
83,000.00 kJ/mol  
11
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
830.80 kJ/mol  
30
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
19
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
538.70 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
3.10 g/amp-hr  
18
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
111  
7
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
111  
7
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
161  
4
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
111  
7
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
7
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
126.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
280.00 pm  
6
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
281.00 amu  
6
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
28.70 cm3/mol  
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Darmstadtium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Copernicium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
11.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
0.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.90  
1
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
28.70 g/cm3  
6
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
28.70 g/cm3  
7
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
65.00 MPa  
33
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
26.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
12.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
28.70  
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
0.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
23.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.60 µm/(m·K)  
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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