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Polonium vs Tantalum

Polonium
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Ta  
Group Number
16  
2
5  
13
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
7440257  
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
221.00  
4
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1802  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
2,996.00 °C  
4
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
5,425.00 °C  
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray Blue  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
440.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,400.00 m/s  
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.70  
3
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
-  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po  
Ta  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00  
10
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
3
1.33  
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.34  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
84  
32
73  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
73  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
108  
29
Number of Electrons
84  
32
73  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
25
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
36
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
180.95 amu  
38
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
110.00 (-eV)  
7
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
330.13 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46  
99+
1.41  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
16.69 g/cm3  
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
15.00 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
180.00 MPa  
20
Viscosity
0.00  
26
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa  
40
69.00 GPa  
13
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
200.00 GPa  
8
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
186.00 GPa  
14
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
16.65  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
57.50 W/m·K  
27
Critical Temperature
527.00 K  
99+
3,290.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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