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Polonium vs Tantalum

Polonium
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
Ta   
Group Number
16   
2
5   
13
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440257   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1802   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
8 * 10-9 %   
31
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
31
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.03 p.p.m.   
28
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
2,996.00 °C   
4
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
5,425.00 °C   
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray Blue   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.50   
5
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
440.00 MPa   
28
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,400.00 m/s   
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
78.00 %   
6
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
Ta   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
31   
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.50   
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.33   
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.34   
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.50   
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
761.00 kJ/mol   
18
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,500.00 kJ/mol   
40
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
1.35 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
73   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
73   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
108   
28
Number of Electrons
84   
32
73   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
180.95 amu   
38
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
10.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
110.00 (-eV)   
7
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
330.13 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
16.69 g/cm3   
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
15.00 g/cm3   
9
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
69.00 GPa   
13
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
200.00 GPa   
8
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
186.00 GPa   
13
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
16.65   
11
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
131.00 nΩ·m   
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
27
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
31.00 kJ/mol   
29
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
57.50 W/m·K   
27
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
753.10 kJ/mol   
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
31.40 kJ/mol   
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
782.00 kJ/mol   
3
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
41.50 J/mol.K   
37
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