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Polonium vs Tungsten

Polonium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
W   
Group Number
16   
2
6   
12
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440337   
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Not Available   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1781   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-8 %   
27
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
3,410.00 °C   
1
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
5,660.00 °C   
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Grayish White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
7.50   
2
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
2,000.00 MPa   
4
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
3,430.00 MPa   
1
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,620.00 m/s   
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
62.00 %   
13
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
W   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
2.36   
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.98   
23
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.40   
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.47   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
1.64   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.55 eV   
13
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
74   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
74   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
110   
27
Number of Electrons
84   
32
74   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
162.00 pm   
29
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
183.84 amu   
37
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
140.00 (-eV)   
5
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
316.52 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
19.25 g/cm3   
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
17.60 g/cm3   
5
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
370.00 MPa   
10
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
161.00 GPa   
5
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
310.00 GPa   
4
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
411.00 GPa   
4
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
19.22   
9
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
173.00 W/m·K   
7
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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