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Tungsten vs Polonium

Tungsten
Polonium
Polonium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Po  
Group Number
6  
12
16  
2
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
125  
20
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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