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Polonium vs Uranium

Polonium
Uranium
Uranium vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po   
U   
Group Number
16   
2
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7440611   
28
Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Cmcm   
Space Group Number
221.00   
3
63.00   
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Not Available   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1789   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-8 %   
29
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
1,132.00 °C   
39
Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
3,818.00 °C   
16
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
2,350.00 MPa   
2
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,960.00 MPa   
2
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,155.00 m/s   
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po   
U   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.38   
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.22   
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.62   
26
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.63 eV   
30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84   
32
92   
26
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84   
32
92   
26
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
146   
13
Number of Electrons
84   
32
92   
26
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
186.00 pm   
33
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
238.03 amu   
21
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Protactinium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Neptunium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
19.10 g/cm3   
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
17.30 g/cm3   
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.01 (Pa)   
20
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
111.00 GPa   
10
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
100.00 GPa   
16
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
208.00 GPa   
10
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.23   
30
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
18.80   
10
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
27.50 W/m·K   
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
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