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Uranium vs Polonium

Uranium
Polonium
Polonium vs Uranium


Periodic Table
Symbol
U  
Po  
Group Number
0  
18
16  
2
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440611  
28
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
Cmcm  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
63.00  
13
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.20 p.p.m.  
19
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,132.00 °C  
39
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C  
16
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa  
2
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa  
6
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,155.00 m/s  
36
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.38  
40
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
U  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.38  
29
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.38  
22
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.38  
29
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.62  
26
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
5,970.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
5,976.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
597.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
3.63 eV  
99+
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
92  
26
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
92  
26
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
146  
14
125  
20
Number of Electrons
92  
26
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm  
14
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
186.00 pm  
40
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
238.03 amu  
21
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Protactinium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Neptunium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.02  
99+
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm3  
17
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm3  
17
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
100.00 MPa  
28
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa  
10
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa  
11
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
18.80  
19
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K  
18
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,405.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)  
30
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol  
18
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol  
18
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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