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Potassium Holmium Comparison


Holmium Potassium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
K   
Ho   

Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   

Period Number
4   
6   

Block
s block   
f block   

Element Family
Alkali   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440097   
99+
7440600   
29

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Marc Delafontaine   

Discovery
In 1807   
In 1878   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
5 * 10-8 %   
27

Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %   
9
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %   
6
0.00 %   
38

Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %   
3
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Humans
0.20 %   
2
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  

Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   

Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
Not Available   

In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
63.65 °C   
99+
1,461.00 °C   
30

Boiling Point
774.00 °C   
99+
2,600.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
0.40   
23
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa   
99+
746.00 MPa   
13

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
481.00 MPa   
23

Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
2,760.00 m/s   
30

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
K   
Ho   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
20   
19
34   
5

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.23   
37

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45   
31
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91   
39
1.10   
30

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73   
23
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
0.73   
99+
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.77   
17

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
4,100.00 kJ/mol   
34

5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29

Electron Work Function
2.30 eV   
99+
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
19   
99+
67   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1   
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
19   
99+
67   
99+

Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
98   
34

Number of Electrons
19   
99+
67   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
227.00 pm   
3
176.00 pm   
18

Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
192.00 pm   
17

Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm   
5
216.00 pm   
24

Atomic Weight
39.10 amu   
99+
164.93 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
18.70 cm3/mol   
24

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Dysprosium
  

Next Element
Calcium
  
Erbium
  

Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
47.90 (-eV)   
31

Lattice Constant
532.80 pm   
12
357.73 pm   
38

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
8.79 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
8.34 g/cm3   
26

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
16

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa   
99+
26.30 GPa   
28

Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa   
99+
40.20 GPa   
32

Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa   
99+
64.80 GPa   
31

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.23   
29

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
0.86   
99+
8.80   
35

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
814.00 nΩ·m   
4

Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35

Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
27.15 J/mol·K   
19

Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K   
15
16.20 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K   
3
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
241.00 kJ/mol   
38

Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
11.76 kJ/mol   
29

Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
301.00 kJ/mol   
36

Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
75.30 J/mol.K   
8

Summary >>
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