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Praseodymium Berkelium Comparison


Berkelium Praseodymium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pr   
Bk   

Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
7   

Block
f block   
f block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   

CAS Number
7440100   
99+
7440406   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Not Available   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   

Discovery
In 1885   
In 1949   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
40
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
27
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Moderately Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
935.00 °C   
99+
986.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C   
27
2,627.00 °C   
40

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Grayish White   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa   
24
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s   
40
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pr   
Bk   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
31   
8
14   
25

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.13   
99+
1.30   
32

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.20   
27

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.70   
1

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.87   
12
2.70   
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol   
99+
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol   
29
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr   
40
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16

Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
59   
99+
97   
21

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2   
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
59   
99+
97   
21

Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
150   
11

Number of Electrons
59   
99+
97   
21

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
182.00 pm   
11
170.00 pm   
22

Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
Not Available   

Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm   
14
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
140.91 amu   
99+
247.00 amu   
18

Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol   
15
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Cerium
  
Curium
  

Next Element
Neodymium
  

Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)   
99+
45.50 (-eV)   
36

Lattice Constant
367.25 pm   
29
341.60 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
14.78 g/cm3   
22

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3   
39
13.25 g/cm3   
11

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa   
39
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa   
40
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
16
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.77   
99+
14.00   
14

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K   
99+
10.00 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol   
29
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol   
24
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K   
10
Not Available   

Summary >>
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