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Promethium Aluminium Comparison

Promethium
Aluminium
Aluminium Promethium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Al   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1942   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
Not Available   
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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