Promethium Aluminium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Al
Group Number
Not Available
13
5
Period Number
6
3
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7429905
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
Not Available
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Hans Christian Oersted
Discovery
In 1942
In 1825
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
5 * 10-3 %
5
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.006 %
5
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.91 %
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
8.10 %
1
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
In Bone
Not Available
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
660.37 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
2,467.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.75
13
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
160.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
160.00 MPa
35
Speed of Sound
Not Available
5,000.00 m/s
10
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
71.00 %
10
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Al
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
11
27
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.61
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.71
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.83
8
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.61
20
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.39
32
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
7th Energy level
Not Available
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.28 eV
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
13
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
13
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
14
99+
Number of Electrons
61
99+
13
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
143.00 pm
37
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
121.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
184.00 pm
34
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
26.98 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
80.70 (-eV)
17
Lattice Constant
Not Available
404.95 pm
22
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
2.70 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
40.00 MPa
19
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
18
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
26.00 GPa
29
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
76.00 GPa
18
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
70.00 GPa
28
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.35
9
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
2.72
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
4
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
3
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
42.50 kJ/mol
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
237.00 W/m·K
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
293.70 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
10.67 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
322.20 kJ/mol
31
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
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