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Promethium vs Indium

Promethium
Indium
Indium vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
In   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440746   
17
Space Group Name
Not Available   
I4/mmm   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
139.00   
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Discovery
In 1942   
In 1863   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-8 %   
28
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
156.61 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
2,000.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
8.80 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
In   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.78   
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.14   
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.49   
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.76   
10
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.22   
38
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.12 eV   
24
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
49   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
49   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
66   
99+
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
49   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
167.00 pm   
24
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
193.00 pm   
31
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
114.82 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Cadmium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Tin
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
54.00 (-eV)   
25
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
325.23 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
7.02 g/cm3   
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
2.50 MPa   
21
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
11.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
81.80 W/m·K   
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
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